Re: Locked Out of FreeBSD 5.2 - Newbie

From: Mickey (mglowy_at_compuserve.com)
Date: 02/02/04 

Date: Mon, 02 Feb 2004 16:12:04 GMT

Bill,

Again, thank you. I will make the necessary corrections to put the toor
line back in the file under the root line.

I have to say I am really enjoying learning about FreeBSD. However, that's
probably because it is a hobby and my life doesn't depend on it being up and
running :).

All the best,

Mickey

"Bill Vermillion" <bv@wjv.comREMOVE> wrote in message
news:HsGoI7.1rpo@wjv.com...
> In article <SRbTb.9542$Zi2.2554@edtnps84>,
> Mickey <mglowy@compuserve.com> wrote:
>
> >Bill,
>
> >Thank you for that info. I tried doing what you said, ran into
> >some editing problems and backed out of editing. I need a little
> >more advice:
>
> I got your mail that you were running, but just one comment here.
>
> >The toor line is at the bottom of the file and the root line is at the
> >bottom of the file.
>
> >The root line contains the information related to me trying to
> >set it up as su:
>
> >"root:$1$XXXXXXXXXXX$YYYYYYYYYY.:1003:0:su:0:0:root:/home/root:/bin/sh"
>
> >Now, should I be replivating the toor line, change toor to root
> >and then deleting the old root line?
>
> >Does having two root lines make the last line read, the default
> >settings?
>
> First the root entry should always be the first in the system.
> root and toor are both 'root' accounts with different default
> shells.
>
> And the first line will be the opertive line if you have too
> lines called root.
>
> When you login it just looks for the first match by name. But when
> the system is running all users are identfied by the first number
> in the password file after the password.
>
> The problem you have in the line above is that 'root' was added
> as a user - that's why it's ID is 1003. That account will not be
> able to do anything. It needs to be UID 0. Its group ID [GID] is
> O so that is correct.
>
> Another MAJOR booboo in that file is the directory of /home/root.
>
> Home is typically mounted on /usr, and you need to have your root
> files in operation in single user mode. The root home account
> should always be in the /root directory which is just a directory
> under /. The name 'root' for that directory is not sacrosanct, but
> it does need to be on the base system directory.
>
> I've had some 'fun' cleaning up messes for others who moved root
> and also reworked the OS [on Solaris] to the point that nothing
> would work on boot, and you could not even reinstall from the CD as
> the system could see the OS there. That required removing the
> drive, and fsck'ing it on another machine.
>
> Make sure that root and toor are the first two entries, that both
> UID and GID are 0 and that their directories are /root.
> Default install gives /bin/csh for root and /bin/sh for toor.
>
> I run /bin/ksh as root on all my machines - even the commercial
> ones. And on the latter I move root's home to /root and not
> / as is seen in some.
>
> The ksh I use is the real one from AT&T, but if you change roots
> default shell make sure it is one that works with everything.
>
> And once you are running ensure that you only use root for
> maintenance and run as a normal user for everyhing else.
>
> Welcome to the BSD fold.
>
> Bill
> --
> Bill Vermillion - bv @ wjv . com

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